• Redshift = Data warehouse = Analytics / BI
• Columnar database e.g. stores columns of data instead of rows.
  • Good for OLAP (online analytical processing), see RDBMS for OLTP (online transaction processing)
  • Makes compression very easier
• For analytics and data warehousing
• Used to pull in very large and complex data sets.
• Has a SQL interface for performing the queries
• Heavily modified version of PostgreSQL
• Scaling
  • Can scale to PBs of data
  • From 1 node to 128 nodes, up to 160 GB of space per node
    • Leader node: for query planning, results aggregation
    • Compute node: for performing the queries, send results to leader
• It’s a Massively Parallel Query Execution (MPP) database.
  • Coordinated processing of a single task by multiple processors, each processor using its own OS and memory and communicating with each other using some form of messaging interface.
  • Data and query is automatically distributed and balanced.
• Pay as you go based on the instances provisioned (not serverless)
• 💡 Choose right cluster size & use as much as you can
• 💡 Great to use with BI tools on top of it such as AWS Quicksight, SQL Server Reporting Services,Tableau integrate with it
• Data is loaded from S3, DynamoDB, DMS (Database Migration Services), other DBs…
• Good practice -> Create read replica from RDS and pull the data from the read replica and load it into Redshift
• Copy between regions: Take snapshot => Copy snapshot to new region => Create cluster from snapshot
• Redshift Spectrum: serverless service to perform queries directly against S3 (no need to load)
• Security: VPC / IAM / KMS & CloudWatch Monitoring
  • Redshift Enhanced VPC Routing: COPY / UNLOAD goes through VPC
  • Encrypted in transit using SSL
• Pricing: Pay per Compute Node hours (not leader node), backup and data transfer (only within a VPC)
• Cluster subnet group allows you to specify set of subnets in your VPC for your instances.

Availability

• No multi AZ, only available in 1 AZ
  • Snapshots can be deployed to new AZ for e.g. DR.
• Backups are enabled by default, max 35 days.
• Attempts to maintain at least three copies of your data.
  • Original, replica on the compute nodes, and a backup in S3.
• Have functionality for Automated Cross-Region Snapshot.
• Always keeps three copies of your data

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